1. Introduction

     UV as a new processing technology was commercialized in Australia have more than 25 years of time, and now continue to be optimistic about prices. The technology is an annual rate of nearly 10 percent have been developing steadily, especially in surface coatings and related industries. This article has two objectives, first, to the possibility of becoming a new member of the end-user to introduce the technology, including the summary of the technology, introduced the principle of the preliminary. The second is to the existing end-users of the technology, introduced the latest trends in the situation, especially in Australia's progress. Because such progress is similar with overseas technology linked. In this second part will also be introduced in Australia in connection with the ongoing technology-related basic research summary.

     Australia to UV curing technologies to the community many important applications, especially security facilities. For example, Australia's polymer banknotes (Bank currency) is the world's only currency in circulation, that is, the use of UV coatings and UV curing technology research results. The process put into production has been 8 years, and in anti-counterfeiting issue very successful. It is also an export earning foreign exchange of technology, because the circulation of currency in many countries are now using Australian Reserve Bank (Australia's reserve bank) technology for production.

 2. Stereolithography Technology

Table 3 - to replace the traditional system with UV at the time of the general problem; 1. Economy - high prices of basic materials; 2. Shader system difficulties; 3. 100 percent solid because of the difficulties caused by construction; 4. Sight of curing the problem; 5. adhesion problem of matching paint and the substrate; 6. the need for a broad range of chemistry; 7. toxicity (on the skin irritant)

   5, Application

  In this section, introduced in addition to paint, also introduced the ink, because for many applications, these two aspects of the research is linked to. Many end-users in the printing in order to cover after the finish to complete the entire process. UV applications, the main areas of the situation in Australia as shown in table 4, paint used for etching art industry has the largest and most diverse market. UV coating application of the largest paper and packaging materials in the printing plate after Overlay varnish and etching industry.

   Table 4 - Australia UV application of the main areas of the country; 1. Print Overlay varnish; 2. Lithography ink; 3. Screen printing ink; 4. Wood; 5. Plastic coating and printing materials; 6. The current bank notes; 7. fiberoptic

  However, there are many smaller market can be used to apply such coatings, but in theory, any substrate may color UV curing varnish coating. From the size, ink constitute the second largest application areas, especially in the aspects of lithography and screen printing. In the back of the field (that is, screen printing) Australia has more than 50% of the production line to the UV technically. Painting domestic timber has also been actively using the technology, which is an interesting phenomenon of recovery, especially in the floors and painting doors, it is still the technology of the main fields of application. In the second-largest application areas, the plastic coating is one. In this regard, the production of bank notes have a special significance, as it relates to polypropylene substrate using UV curable coatings. When the bank notes are paper, the output of the notes before 550,000,000. However, the use of UV polymer systems, due to extended service life, banknotes production dropped to 200 million. In the world, especially in Australia, such bank notes have a major significance, so in this paper bank notes will be introduced separately. Optical fiber is also using the technology, one of the main areas and continue to set up more fiber optic cable in the domestic online application.

  UV technology application scope of the second are those commonly used, although not quite in it has been established with the most development potential in the area. This regard has come to table 5, which mixed the printing system is the most promising, that is, the system of printing and coating is carried out by a production line. It can develop one of the reasons is the high utilization of equipment such as dual-coating machine lithography. Use this equipment to complete the processing pattern of a few years ago already know, but then can not use this equipment. Select one of the main reasons this technology is the economic front, because it will enable more effective processing of UV maximum utilization.

 Table 5 - has great potential for development of UV application areas: 1. Joint implementation of printing and painting: the traditional method, water law, UV method; 2. Metal decoration and painting; 3. Color paper coating; 4. Laminated and adhesion; 5. silicone release agent; 6. Offset Printing Ink; 7. Electronic Products

     UV curing is a monomer / oligomer mixture of rapid polymerization and can also obtain a cross-linked coating of a technology. UV system that is running out fast polymerization initiator and high performance of the lamp to achieve. UV curing technology used resin system (Table 1) relates to a basic oligomer, in essence, it is a low-molecular-weight (about 2500) of the prepolymer, commonly used are carbamate acrylate, Central Oxygen acrylic, polyester or acrylic Polyether acrylate, although those who like non-vinyl ether acrylate oligomer and so on, are also being gradually color. Oligomers higher viscosity, in order to facilitate the construction and improve the cross-linking curing speed, need to join the monomer as a reactive diluent to adjust the resin rheology. Reactive diluent of the structure of the final coating performance, such as mobility, smooth, and wettability, swelling and shrinkage, adhesion and coating of internal migration is an important and influential. Reactive diluent can be a single functionality, and it can be multi-functionality, which is better, because it can make at the time of curing degree of crosslinking to improve. Reactive diluent on the performance requirements, dilution capacity, solubility, odor, reducing the ability of medium viscosity, volatile, functionality, surface tension, when the polymerization shrinkage, homopolymer of glass transition temperature (Tg), on the whole the influence of the curing rate and toxicity. Monomer used in skin irritation and should be determined by the Draize value of more than three monomers. Used as a reactive diluent monomer typical three second propylene glycol ether acetate (TPGDA) varieties (1) 

   three propanediol  (1) Second-propenoyl-ester (TPGDA)

   Table I-UV-curing coating formulations typical components% 40-50 monomer oligomer 40-50 Photoinitiators / Photosensitizer 1-10 surfactants, additives 0.5-1.0 paint (if necessary, the dosage control in order to obtain satisfactory cover whichever is the greater)

   in the UV curing of the chemical mechanism of the rapid polymerization reaction is in fact suitable Photoinitiator and / or photosensitizer, as well as high-performance lighting conditions have achieved radical reaction. Can generate free radical intermediates and produce cationic photoinitiator can be used. But in today's industry before a regular color (that is, able to generate free radical Photoinitiators). Radicals of the photovoltaic effect can be obtained by the two methods. The first method is through the light-excited molecules and produce a radical cleavage of (Formula One), this is a process of internal elements. Formula 1 sample was Ciba Geigy of Irgacure 651, the chemical name is 2,2 - dimethoxy-phenyl -2 acetophenone.

  radicals have occurred in the second method is in the excited photosensitizer and hydrogen to give away between molecular hydrogen reaction. The typical method used for this system is the amines and a mixture of benzophenone, which triethylamine, Benzophenone is the most economical and practical one. Benzophenone amine system is very economical and the most commonly used, and its side effects, such as yellow is not the issue. Inadequacies of the law used Photoinitiators is excessive, it is required to meet the fast-curing, and in the completion of curing reaction牾not Photoinitiators on the left in the curing membrane.

  in the UV system triggered the technical side, recent studies is Cationic Photoinitiator use. Three aryl sulphosalts such Photoinitiators a typical example, such as the Formula 2,3 and 4 below. Cation in this system, the activation process is similar to radical polymerization process, namely: light absorption, by a sense of role, triggered the chain of transmission and the final termination. Cation system is one of the advantages of reaction will not be subject to oxygen inhibition, whereas the traditional radical initiator but will be subject to oxygen inhibition. However, the cationic initiator nucleophilicity but impurities such as water is very sensitive, such impurities and cation will occur so that the end of the chain growth. Cationic initiator relatively more expensive in terms of price, there is currently not commonly used. 3. Vigorously promote UV technology

  currently in the coatings industry, especially in the etching art cite the introduction of new technology is increasing. Etching of high-quality art requirements and sound environmental protection laws and regulations with the requirements of the industrial sector led teams to examine this type of technology such as UV wide range of uses. The coatings industry is now using UV technology showed the main impact is beneficial to the ecological environment, so that the environmental situation has aroused concern in today's world is very important.